The U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and CubicPV have jointly developed a perovskite mini-module with a certified efficiency of 24.0%, marking the first time the United States has set a record in this field.

Researchers from NREL and Boston-based CubicPV fabricated a mini-module consisting of multiple interconnected cells, completing several steps in the manufacturing sequence at each position.

Senior Scientist Kai Zhu from NREL's Chemical and Nanoscience Center had previously collaborated with CubicPV. He stated that the complementary expertise of the two companies not only demonstrated their respective strengths but also highlighted the acceleration effect of strong collaboration. "It was precisely the combined strengths of both sides that created the record-breaking environment. Each team could achieve excellent results independently, but working together amplifies impact and sets a new benchmark for devices."

CubicPV focuses on developing tandem solar devices, manufacturing solar panels by placing perovskite on silicon to capture more photons and reduce energy costs. NREL concentrates on advancing the manufacturability, durability, and efficiency of perovskite tandem devices.

Unlike silicon, perovskite is produced through low-temperature (below 200°C) ink printing or vacuum deposition processes, primarily using abundant materials from the Earth. The technology has already demonstrated high efficiency in small-scale production and is currently working to improve the durability and efficiency of large-area devices—an essential prerequisite for commercial applications. Perovskite holds promise for diversifying supply chains and increasing domestic production of solar photovoltaic modules.

CubicPV Chief Technology Officer Adam Lorenz stated that future efforts will focus on demonstrating long-term outdoor performance and producing larger-area perovskite modules. He said: "We are committed to leveraging the United States' leadership in technology, collaborating with the world's top researchers, and advancing cutting-edge perovskite science toward scalable, commercially viable, and durable products."

It is reported that the previous record for perovskite mini-modules was 23.9%, announced in May 2025. The solar cell efficiency tables are published twice a year in Progress in Photovoltaics magazine, with the next update scheduled for the end of this year, providing NREL and CubicPV with an opportunity to surpass the current record.