The wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) can be arranged independently, with flue gas entering from the top and exiting from the bottom, or entering from the bottom and exiting from the top, saving space in the flue. It can be made in circular or square shapes according to site requirements, ensuring uniform airflow distribution and effective dust removal. The ash cleaning can utilize several key technologies, such as intermittent spray rinsing or non-shutdown voltage reduction rinsing, among others.