en.Wedoany.com Reported - A research team from the Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials in Germany has revealed the physical mechanism by which lithium dendrites cause short circuits in solid-state batteries, offering a new direction for the commercialization of next-generation battery technology. This discovery may help address a key obstacle in the development of solid-state batteries, with findings published in the journal Nature.

Using vacuum low-temperature techniques to analyze battery samples, the researchers found that internal stress accumulation within lithium dendrites generates sufficient tensile stress to ultimately crack solid ceramic electrolytes. This conclusion challenges the mainstream theory that electron leakage triggers lithium growth inside the electrolyte. Dr. Yuwei Zhang, the study's first author, stated: "Soft lithium metal can penetrate hard ceramic electrolytes, much like a continuous water jet cutting through rock." He emphasized that hydrostatic stress within dendrites is the primary cause of brittle fracture in the electrolyte.

Solid-state batteries are widely regarded as a potential replacement for lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and excellent safety. However, commercialization hinges on overcoming the issue of lithium dendrite growth during charging and discharging. Currently, the industry is exploring approaches such as developing tougher electrolyte materials, introducing microscopic void designs, and applying coatings on electrodes to mitigate the risks, including short circuits caused by dendrites. This study provides a clearer theoretical basis for engineering optimization of solid-state batteries, potentially accelerating advancements in areas such as longer lifespan, enhanced safety, and improved range.

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