Wedoany.com Report on Feb 6th, The "Q-Day" when quantum computers can break current internet security mechanisms is approaching. Experts predict that quantum technology capable of cracking current public-key encryption algorithms may be realized in the 2030s. Facing this challenge, operators and network service providers need to plan ahead, as upgrading technological infrastructure is complex and time-consuming, and attackers have already begun using surveillance techniques to collect data in preparation for future decryption.
Public-key cryptography, such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography, which current network systems rely on, will be at risk once cryptographically relevant quantum computers emerge. A GSMA whitepaper states: "Before quantum computing capabilities become available, malicious actors may collect and store data for future decryption. This threatens the security of long-term confidential data such as corporate intellectual property and state secrets." This "collect now, decrypt later" strategy highlights the urgency of quantum-safe preparation.
To address the threat, a layered approach has emerged, including post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, and quantum-safe communication. Quantum-safe communication utilizes entanglement-based protocols, such as E91 and BBM92, which have been researched for decades and offer provable security. Unlike quantum key distribution which uses trusted relay nodes, quantum-safe communication employs secure quantum repeaters to form multi-purpose quantum networks, supporting applications like data transmission and quantum location verification.
Quantum networks are designed to enhance, not replace, classical networks. Operators do not need to upgrade existing equipment on a large scale; they can offload functions like cryptographic key establishment to quantum networks. Solutions for achieving quantum readiness include: flexible software to interface with multi-vendor equipment; a software-defined network architecture that separates the data, control, and orchestration planes; and scalable quantum solutions that adapt to future needs.
Entanglement-based quantum networks can integrate with existing infrastructure, preserving devices like routers and firewalls while only changing the method of key generation and distribution. It provides operators with secret keys to protect data from future quantum threats while supporting innovative security features like quantum location verification. By leveraging existing investments, quantum-safe communication offers a practical path to address the challenges posed by quantum computing.
