A research team at Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania has made significant progress in the field of inorganic perovskite solar cell technology. They have successfully developed a new protective layer technology that significantly improves the conversion efficiency and operational stability of the cells.

The research team synthesized a fully fluorinated two-dimensional ammonium cation and constructed a stable two-dimensional protective layer on the surface of three-dimensional inorganic perovskite. This technology successfully solved the adhesion problem between the two-dimensional layer and the inorganic perovskite material, forming a robust heterostructure. Dr. Kasparas Rakštys, a researcher at Kaunas University of Technology, said: "Perovskite solar cells are one of the fastest-developing solar technologies in the world — they are lightweight, thin-film, flexible, and most importantly, they are made from inexpensive materials."

This new perovskite solar cell technology achieved a conversion efficiency of over 21%, setting a new efficiency record for this type of cell. In stability tests, the mini-modules using this technology maintained stable operation for more than 950 hours under continuous illumination at 85 degrees Celsius. Dr. Rakštys pointed out: "The result is the formation of a stable two-dimensional layer on the surface of the three-dimensional inorganic perovskite. This time, the two-dimensional layer finally adhered together, forming a robust heterostructure that remains stable even at high temperatures."

The research team also applied the perovskite solar cell technology to micro-modules with an active area more than 300 times larger than typical laboratory test cells, still achieving nearly 20% conversion efficiency. These larger modules also demonstrated excellent durability, maintaining stable operation under high-temperature continuous illumination tests. The researchers stated: "Although solar cells do not usually reach such high temperatures under actual operating conditions, these standardized stability tests are used to evaluate their long-term durability. This high level of stability is actually comparable to the requirements for commercial silicon cells."

This breakthrough in perovskite solar cell technology marks an important step toward the commercial application of next-generation solar technologies. By solving the rapid degradation problem of inorganic perovskite materials, this technology opens new possibilities for developing low-cost, high-efficiency solar cells.