en.Wedoany.com Reported - China's QuantumCTek Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "QuantumCTek") has officially rolled out the first domestically developed engineering-grade dilution refrigerator, the ez-Q F1500. The device achieves a single-core cooling power of 1700 microwatts, laying the foundation for the development of future thousand-qubit error-correctable superconducting quantum computers.
The dilution refrigerator is a critical core device for building superconducting quantum computers. Its role is to provide an ultra-low temperature environment close to absolute zero for quantum computing chips, while effectively suppressing electromagnetic interference and vibration. As the number of qubits on a chip increases from tens to hundreds or even thousands, the dilution refrigerator must achieve greater cooling power. Currently, commercial single-core dilution refrigerators typically offer cooling power between 400 and 800 microwatts, which is insufficient for thousand-qubit superconducting quantum computers. Although the internationally common multi-core parallel solution can increase cooling power, it significantly raises system complexity, posing challenges to long-term stable operation.
Through a joint effort, the CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics and QuantumCTek developed the ez-Q F1500, which adopts a single-core architecture. It delivers a cooling power of 1700 microwatts at 100 millikelvin and 48 microwatts at 20 millikelvin, with a minimum temperature reaching approximately 5.42 millikelvin. Li Xu, a technical expert from QuantumCTek and the Anhui Quantum Information Engineering Technology Research Center, explained that the R&D team spent two years optimizing the ultra-low temperature heat exchanger to improve heat exchange area and efficiency. They determined the cooling power requirements for each temperature stage of thousand-qubit quantum computing through extensive experiments and finite element simulations, and performed targeted system design. Additionally, by matching the design with the low-temperature transmission system, they accommodated 3,600 low-temperature measurement and control lines and over 100 low-temperature amplifiers within the limited internal space. The device also features an independently developed hardware and software architecture, with key core components such as the pulse tube refrigerator, temperature controller, and ultra-low temperature thermometer all localized.
The ez-Q F1500 is scheduled to begin deliveries in the second half of this year. Leveraging this single-core, high-cooling-power product, thousand-qubit error-correctable superconducting quantum computers will no longer need to rely on multi-core parallel solutions, enabling improvements in system structure simplification and long-term reliability of the refrigerator.
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