en.Wedoany.com Reported - U.S. President Trump signed two executive orders to solidify America's leadership in the quantum era from both defensive and offensive dimensions: the first focuses on post-quantum cryptography migration and cybersecurity compliance, while the second accelerates quantum technology commercialization, domestic manufacturing, and scientific discovery.
The first executive order (No. 14409) targets the "harvest now, decrypt later" attack model of foreign adversaries, requiring federal agencies to migrate to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The order directs the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to oversee the nationwide migration in coordination with the National Cyber Director; each federal agency must designate a dedicated PQC migration lead within 30 days; all high-value assets (HVA) and high-impact systems must transition key establishment to PQC by December 31, 2030, with digital signature transitions completed by December 31, 2031. The Department of Commerce, through NIST, will launch an internal PQC migration pilot within 180 days, targeting completion by December 31, 2027. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) must issue guidance within 270 days defining the minimum elements of cryptographic bill of materials to automate asset risk assessment. The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council (FAR Council) will issue rules requiring relevant federal contractors to meet PQC standards and implement enhanced vulnerability disclosure policies by the end of 2030. This order compels immediate action across the federal supply chain and standardizes cybersecurity rules for contractors.
The second executive order (No. 14411) aims to accelerate quantum technology innovation and commercialization. The order establishes the "Quantum Computing for Application Development and Discovery Science (QC-ADDS)" program, coordinated by the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST), with the goal of deploying at least one sufficiently powerful quantum computer at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities to usher in a new era of scientific discovery and make it accessible to the scientific community. The order requires the Departments of Commerce and Energy, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and NASA to submit a five-year deployment and progress plan for quantum sensors and networks; the Secretary of the Army must prioritize advancing at least three next-generation quantum sensor projects, operational by September 30, 2028. The Department of Commerce will analyze the quantum information science and technology (QIST) supply chain, encourage private sector adoption of standards, and explore mechanisms such as advance market commitments and prize challenges to incentivize the development of critical domestic quantum enabling components. In terms of talent development, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) will develop a QIST hiring strategy, including special pay rates; the NSF will establish a national network of QIST talent development institutes. Additionally, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and partner intelligence agencies will expand the Quantum Information Science and Technology Counterintelligence Protection Team (QCPT) to protect domestic academic and industrial research from foreign espionage.
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